animated commercial

рек. рекламний ролик; рекламна передача; реклама; рекламна вставка; телереклама; радіореклама

рекламне повідомлення на радіо, телебаченні, в інтернеті, в кіно тощо, яке оплачується рекламодавцем

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across-the-board commercial реклама, яка транслюється щоденно у визначений час протягом тижня; animated commercial рекламний мультфільм; award-winning commercial реклама, відзначена нагородою; blended commercial інтегрований фільм; cast commercial програмно-виконавський ролик; chainbreak commercial ролик, що передається під час паузи між програмами; child-enticing commercial рекламний ролик, що приваблює дітей; class "A" commercial рекламний ролик класу "А"; class "B" commercial рекламний ролик класу "В"; class "C" commercial рекламний ролик класу "С"; combination commercial комбінований ролик; control commercial контрольна реклама; cooperative commercial ролик спільної реклами; corrective commercial ролик виправленої, відкоригованої реклами; drop-in commercial рекламна вставка; expanded commercial розгорнутий рекламний ролик; filmed commercial кіноролик; fixed commercial рекламна передача з точно визначеним часом трансляції • визначена на чіткий час рекламна передача; identification commercial рекламна передача — позивний; inserted commercial рекламна вставка; integrated commercial інтегрований фільм; jingle commercial музична рекламна вставка на кілька куплетів; live commercial студійна рекламна передача; minidrama commercial драматизована рекламна передача; monoaural commercial рекламна передача з монофонічним звучанням; network commercial мережна рекламна передача • рекламна передача загальномережної трансляції; non-air commercial рекламна передача, не призначена для передачі в ефір; open-ended commercial відкритий ролик; pre-emptible commercial рекламна передача умовного розміщення; product commercial товарна реклама; radio commercial радіореклама; repetitive commercial повторна реклама; rough-cut commercial попередньо змонтований ролик • начорно змонтований ролик; seasonal commercial сезонна реклама; singing commercial реклама-пісня • рекламна пісня; spoiler commercial підривна реклама • шкідницька реклама; spot commercial точкова реклама; station break commercial реклама, яка транслюється під час станційної паузи; story-telling commercial реклама-оповідання; straight radio commercial радіореклама, яку читає диктор • радіореклама-монолог • радіореклама з одним виконавцем; taped commercial рекламний ролик на відеострічці • відеоролик; television commercial телевізійний рекламний ролик; test commercial пробний ролик • ролик, який підлягає перевірці; testimonial commercial ролик-рекомендація від поживача • ролик-свідчення; test market commercial ролик для пробного ринку; video commercial відеоролик

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commercial audience рекламна аудиторія • рекламна публіка; commercial break рекламна перерва • рекламна пауза; commercial designer сценарист реклами • дизайнер реклами; commercial minute рекламна хвилина; commercial time рекламний час

▹▹ advertising¹

1) эк. торговый, коммерческий ( имеющий отношение к торговле)

2) эк., марк. товарный (подходящий для продажи; об уровне качества, делающем предмет пригодным для продажи на рынке)

3)

а) эк. промышленный (созданный в производственных целях; напр., товары промышленного назначения)

б) эк. массовый, серийный (о товарах, деятельности и т. д., нацеленных на массового потребителя)

4) эк. коммерческий

а) ( имеющий целью получение прибыли)

б) (о какой-л. деятельности, спонсируемой деньгами, полученными от рекламы)

1) рекл. рекламный ролик [радиоролик, телеролик\], телереклама, радиореклама ( короткая звуковая или видеореклама на радио или телевидении)

2) торг. торговый представитель

* * *

1 drawing.

dibujo a lápiz/al carboncillo pencil/charcoal drawing

dibujo anatómico anatomical drawing

dibujo lineal (education) = drawing of geometrical figures

dibujo técnico technical drawing

dibujos animados cartoons

2 pattern.

1^st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: dibujar.

* * *

► nombre masculino

1 (arte) drawing, sketching

2 (imagen) drawing

3 (motivo) pattern, design

■ esta camisa tiene un dibujo de rombos this shirt has a diamond pattern on it

\

academia de dibujo school of art, art school

dibujo artístico artistic drawing

dibujo lineal draughtsmanship (US draftsmanship)

dibujos animados cartoons

* * *

1) design

2) drawing

•

- dibujos animados

* * *

1) (=actividad) drawing

2) (=representación gráfica) (Arte) drawing; (Téc) design; [en periódico] cartoon

3) [en papel, tela] pattern

4) (=descripción) description, depiction

* * *

a) ( arte) drawing

b) ( representación) drawing

c) ( estampado) pattern

- dibujo lineal/técnico

- dibujo publicitario

- dibujos animados

* * *

= drawing, pattern.

Ex. Forms of symbol used for presentation are: 1 language, eg Arabic; 2 mathematical, eg. graphs, formulae; 3 pictorial, eg drawings.

Ex. The pattern of the laid mould is described by giving the spacing in millimetres of the chain-lines and wire-lines in the vicinity of the watermark.

----

* colección de dibujos = drawing collection.

* dibujo a lápiz = pencil drawing.

* dibujo a pluma = pen drawing, pen drawing, pen drawing.

* dibujo a tinta = ink drawing.

* dibujo de la malla = wire pattern.

* dibujo libre = free-hand drawing.

* dibujo lineal = line drawing.

* dibujo panorámico = panoramic drawing.

* dibujos animados = animated cartoons.

* dibujos animados japoneses = Anime.

* dibujo técnico = architectural rendering, engineering drawing, technical drawing, architectural drawing.

* libro táctil de dibujos = tactile picture book.

* mesa de dibujo = drawing table, art-room table, art-room drawing table, drawing board.

* película de dibujos animados = cartoon film.

* * *

a) ( arte) drawing

b) ( representación) drawing

c) ( estampado) pattern

- dibujo lineal/técnico

- dibujo publicitario

- dibujos animados

* * *

* * *

1 (arte) drawing

clase de dibujo drawing class

el dibujo no es mi fuerte drawing is not my strong point

2 (representación) drawing

un dibujo a lápiz/al carboncillo a pencil/charcoal drawing

hacer dibujos ( Chi fam): hace dibujos con la plata para que le alcance she performs miracles in order to eke the money out

hacen dibujos para pagar el colegio de los niños they make incredible sacrifices in order to pay their children's school fees

3 (estampado) pattern

un dibujo de flores/a rayas a floral/striped pattern

4 (de la madera) grain

line drawing

commercial drawing

mpl cartoons (pl)

una película de dibujos animados a cartoon, an animated film

technical drawing

* * *

1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

◊ dibujo a mano alzada to draw freehand

a) ( arte) drawing;

◊ clase de dibujo drawing class;

b) ( representación) drawing;

◊ un dibujo al carboncillo a charcoal drawing;

c) ( estampado) pattern

* * *

dibujo nm

1. [técnica, obra] drawing;

no se le da bien el dibujo he's no good at drawing;

el profesor de dibujo the drawing teacher;

meterse en dibujos to complicate things unnecessarily

dibujos animados cartoons;

una película de dibujos animados a cartoon film, a feature-length cartoon;

fue una jugada de dibujos animados [en fútbol] it was a piece of wizardry;

dibujo artístico drawing [as school subject];

dibujo al carboncillo charcoal drawing;

dibujo a lápiz pencil drawing;

dibujo lineal [asignatura] = drawing of geometrical figures;

dibujo a mano alzada freehand drawing;

dibujo técnico technical drawing

2. [en tela, prenda] pattern;

un dibujo a cuadros/de círculos a check/circle pattern

* * *

m arte drawing; ilustración drawing, sketch; estampado pattern;

con dibujo(s) with illustrations

* * *

dibujo nm

1) : drawing

2) : design, pattern

dibujos animados : (animated) cartoons

* * *

dibujo n

1. (en general) drawing

2. (estampado) pattern

give life to

conversazione liven up

( promuovere) promote

* * *

animare v.tr.

1 to animate, to give* life to (s.o., sthg.), to liven up, to enliven (anche fig.): una casa che anima il paesaggio, a house that animates (o gives life to) the landscape; animare la conversazione, to enliven (o to animate) conversation; animare una festa, to liven up a party; la gioia le animava il volto, joy lit up her face; lo spirito che anima le sue opere, the spirit that breathes through his works

2 ( stimolare) to stimulate; ( incoraggiare) to encourage: animare scambi commerciali, to stimulate (o to encourage) commercial exchanges; animare i soldati, to encourage the soldiers // essere animato da buone intenzioni, to be well-meaning; essere animato da buoni sentimenti verso qlcu., to have a good feeling about s.o.

◘ animarsi v.intr.pron.

1 to become* animated, to become* livelier; ( di persone) to get* lively; ( di cose) to get* busy: la discussione si animò, the debate became livelier; le vie si andavano animando, the streets got busy

2 ( illuminarsi) to light* up; ( rallegrarsi) to brighten up: il suo viso si animò, her face lit (o brightened) up.

* * *

1. vt

1) (dare vita a) to animate, (serata, conversazione) to liven up, enliven

2) (sogg : sentimento) to drive, impel

3) (incoraggiare: persona, commercio) to encourage

2. vip (animarsi)

(persona, oggetto, strada) to come to life, (festa) to liven up, become animated, (scaldarsi: conversazione, persona) to become animated

* * *

verbo transitivo

1) (rendere vivace) to animate, to enliven [conversazione, riunione]; to pep (up), to liven up, to jazz up colloq. [luogo, serata]; to brighten up [ giornata]

2) (stimolare) [sentimento, desiderio] to animate, to inspire, to encourage [persona, squadra, impresa]

verbo pronominale animarsi (vivacizzarsi) [ conversazione] to grow* heated, to get* heated; [ viso] to light* up; [luogo, festa, pubblico] to liven up, to come* alive

* * *

animare

/ani'mare/ [1]

I verbo transitivo

 1 (rendere vivace) to animate, to enliven [conversazione, riunione]; to pep (up), to liven up, to jazz up colloq. [luogo, serata]; to brighten up [ giornata]

 2 (stimolare) [sentimento, desiderio] to animate, to inspire, to encourage [persona, squadra, impresa]

II animarsi verbo pronominale

  (vivacizzarsi) [ conversazione] to grow* heated, to get* heated; [ viso] to light* up; [luogo, festa, pubblico] to liven up, to come* alive.

1 cinema (art).

hacer cine to make movies o films (British)

cine de estreno first-run cinema o movie theater (United States)

cine de verano open-air cinema

cine fórum film with discussion group

cine mudo silent movies o films (British)

cine sonoro talking pictures, talkies

2 movie theater, picture theater, cinema, motion picture theater.

3 movie making, movies, cinema, art of movie making.

* * *

► nombre masculino

1 (local) cinema, US movie theater

■ ir al cine to go to the cinema, US go to the movies

2 (arte) cinema

\

hacer cine to make films, US make movies

ser de cine familiar to be fabulous

cine de estreno cinema where new releases are shown

cine mudo silent films plural, US silent movies

cine negro film noir

cine sonoro talkies plural, talking films plural, US talking movies

* * *

1) cinema

2) movie theater

* * *

1) (=arte) cinema

2) (=local) cinema, movie theater (EEUU)

* * *

a) (arte, actividad) cinema

b) ( local) movie house o theater (AmE), cinema (BrE)

- cine de barrio

- cine de estreno

- cine de verano

- cine hablado or sonoro

- cine mudo

- cine negro

* * *

= cinema, movie palace.

Ex. Sources from which the designer can draw inspiration include paintings and visual imagery from the theatre, cinema, and popular culture.

Ex. This is a collection of more than 250 pen drawings of theater facades from the time when vaudeville was yielding to the movie palaces of the 1920's and '30's.

----

* adaptación al cine = film adaptation.

* adaptar al cine = adapt to + the screen.

* amante del cine = cinema buff, film buff, movie buff.

* cine, el = movies, the.

* cine en casa = home theatre, home cinema.

* cine mudo = silent cinema.

* cine negro = film noir.

* crítica de cine = film review.

* crítico de cine = film critic.

* del cine = cinematic.

* director de cine = film director.

* en el cine = at the movies.

* estrella de cine = movie star, film-star.

* estudio de cine = film location, film studio.

* festival de cine corto = short film festival.

* fotografía de cine = cinematic photography.

* industria del cine, la = film making industry, the, film industry, the, movie industry, the.

* ir al cine = go to + the cinema, movie-going.

* obra de teatro adaptada al cine = theatrical motion picture.

* operador de cine = projectionist.

* palacio del cine = movie palace.

* película de cine = moving picture.

* persona que va al cine = moviegoer [movie-goer].

* productor de cine = film maker [filmmaker/film-maker], moviemaker [movie maker].

* proyector de cine = film projector.

* sala de cine = movie theatre.

* * *

a) (arte, actividad) cinema

b) ( local) movie house o theater (AmE), cinema (BrE)

- cine de barrio

- cine de estreno

- cine de verano

- cine hablado or sonoro

- cine mudo

- cine negro

* * *

el cine

* * *

1 (arte, actividad) cinema

respetado por todos en el mundo del cine respected by everyone in the movie o film world

siempre he querido hacer cine I've always wanted to make movies o films

actor de cine movie o film actor

pantalla de cine movie o ( BrE) cinema screen

2 (local) movie house o theater ( AmE), cinema ( BrE)

¿vamos al or ( Col) a cine? shall we go to the movies ( AmE) o ( BrE) cinema?

¿qué ponen or ( AmL) dan en el cine Rex? what's on at the Rex?

action cinema, action movies

avant-garde cinema, avant-garde movies

adventure cinema, adventure movies

local movie theater ( AmE) o ( BrE) cinema

genre cinema

late-night movie theater ( AmE), late-night cinema ( BrE)

neighborhood movie theater ( AmE), local cinema ( BrE)

open-air movie theater ( AmE), open-air cinema ( BrE)

talkies (pl)

silent movies o films (pl)

film noir

talkies (pl)

cinéma vérité

* * *

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

◊ esa falda te ciñe demasiado that skirt is too tight for you;

a) (arte, actividad) cinema;

◊ el cine francés French cinema;

b) ( local) movie house o theater (AmE), cinema (BrE);

◊ ¿vamos al cine? shall we go to the movies (AmE) o (BrE) cinema?;

* * *

♦ nm

1. [arte] cinema;

me gusta el cine I like cinema o movies o Br films;

hacer cine to make movies o Br films;

el mundo del cine the movie o Br film world

cine comercial commercial cinema;

cine cómico comedy movies o Br films;

Keaton fue uno de los grandes del cine cómico Keaton was one of the big screen comedy greats;

cine fórum film with discussion group;

cine de género genre cinema;

cine independiente independent cinema o movies o Br films;

cine mudo silent movies o Br films;

cine negro film noir;

cine sonoro talking pictures, talkies

2. [edificio] cinema, US movie theater;

ir al cine to go to the cinema o the movies o Br films

cine de barrio local cinema o US movie theater;

cine de estreno first-run cinema o US movie theater;

cine de verano open-air cinema

♦ de cine loc adj

se ha comprado una casa de cine he's bought an amazing house

♦ de cine loc adv

cocina de cine he's a fantastic o brilliant cook;

el equipo jugó de cine the team played brilliantly

* * *

1 movies pl, cinema;

llevar al cine make into a movie;

de cine fig fam magnificent

2 edificio movie theater, Br

cinema

* * *

cine nm

1) : cinema, movies pl

2) : movie theater

* * *

cine n

1. (lugar) cinema

2. (arte) film / cinema

[ adj. 'ænëmit; v. 'ænëmeit] adj.,v. - adj. i gjallë, plot gjallëri /-v 1. gjallëroj, i jap jetë. 2. fig. nxis, jap zemër;

● the soldiers were animated by their captain's speech ushtarët morën zemër nga fjalët e kapitenit

3. vë në lëvizje;

● windmills are animated by the wind mullinjtë e erës vihen në lëvizje nga era

4. realizoj në film vizatimor;

● to animate a story ( a TV commercial) e bëj një tregim (një reklamë televizive) film vizatimor

* * *

gjallëroj

animation [animasjɔ̃]

   a. [de quartier, discussion] liveliness ; [de rue, bureau] hustle and bustle

• son arrivée provoqua une grande animation his arrival caused a great deal of excitement

• mettre de l'animation to liven things up

   b. ( = activités) activities

• chargé de l'animation culturelle/sportive in charge of cultural/sports activities

   c. [d'équipe, groupe de travail] leading

   d. (Cinema) animation

• animation satellite (animated) satellite picture

* * *

1) (de groupe, d'émission, exposition) organization; (de ventes, service commercial) coordination; (de festival, cérémonie) orchestration

2) ( entrain) life, vitality

3) (de rue, marché, lieu de travail) hustle and bustle; ( de personnes) excitement

4) ( activité dirigée) organized activity

5) Cinéma animation

* * *

1. nf

1) (fait d'animer) [débat] animation

2)

3) (= effervescence) (dans les bureaux) (hustle and) bustle, (dans un quartier) liveliness

4) [soirée, discussion] liveliness, animation

5) CINÉMA (= technique) animation

2. animations nfpl

(= divertissements) entertainment, (= activités) activities

* * *

animation nf

1 (de groupe, d'émission, exposition) organization; (de ventes, service commercial) coordination; (de festival, cérémonie) orchestration; elle a été chargée de l'animation du tournoi/stand she's in charge of running the tournament/stand; animation culturelle/sportive promotion of cultural/sporting activities;

2 ( entrain) life, vitality; mettre de l'animation dans une réception to liven up a reception; le tourisme crée de l'animation au village tourism puts a bit of life into the village; ville/spectacle qui manque d'animation town/show that lacks vitality ou lacking in vitality; une soirée sans animation a lacklustre^GB party; discuter avec animation to discuss animatedly, to have a lively discussion;

3 (de rue, marché, lieu de travail) hustle and bustle; ( de personnes) excitement; l'animation de la Bourse au lendemain des événements the excitement on the Stock Exchange the day after the events; il règne encore une grande animation dans le quartier après minuit there's still a lot going on in the area after midnight;

4 ( activité dirigée) organized activity;

5 Cin animation.

[animasjɔ̃] nom féminin

1. [entrain] life, liveliness, excitement

2. [vivacité] liveliness, vivacity, animation

3. [d'un quartier, d'une ville] life

4. [coordination - d'un groupe] running ; [ - d'un débat] chairing

5. CINÉMA animation

SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics

[br]

[br]

[br]

As a young man Georges Demenÿ was a pioneer of physical education in France, and this led him to contact the physiologist Professor Marey in 1880. Marey had made a special study of animal movement, and Demenÿ hoped to work with him on research into physiological problems related to gymnastics. He joined Marey the following year, and when in 1882 the Physiological Station was set up near Paris to develop sequence photography for the study of movement. Demenÿ was made Head of the laboratory. He worked with the multiple-image fixed-plate cameras, and was chiefly responsible for the analysis of the records, having considerable mathematical and graphical ability. He also appeared as the subject in a number of the sequences. When in 1888 Marey began the development of a film camera, Demenÿ was involved in its design and operation. He became interested in the possibility of using animated sequence photographs as an aid to teaching of the deaf. He made close-up records of himself speaking short phrases, "Je vous aime" and "Vive la France" for example, which were published in such journals as Paris Photographe and La Nature in 1891 and 1892. To present these in motion, he devised the Phonoscope, which he patented on 3 March 1892. The series of photographs were mounted around the circumference of a disc and viewed through a counter-rotating slotted disc. The moving images could be viewed directly, or projected onto a screen. La Nature reported tests he had made in which deaf lip readers could interpret accurately what was being said. On 20 December 1892 Demenÿ formed a company, Société Générale du Phonoscope, to exploit his invention, hoping that "speaking portraits" might replace family-album pictures. This commercial activity led to a rift between Marey and Demenÿ in July 1893. Deprived of access to the film cameras, Demenÿ developed designs of his own, patenting new camera models in France on 10 October 1893 and 27 July 1894. The design covered by the latter had been included in English and German patents filed in December 1893, and was to be of some significance in the early development of cinematography. It was for an intermittent movement of the film, which used an eccentrically mounted blade or roller that, as it rotated, bore on the film, pulling down the length of one frame. As the blade moved away, the film loop so formed was taken up by the rotation of the take-up reel. This "beater" movement was employed extensively in the early years of cinematography, being effective yet inexpensive. It was first employed in the Chronophotographe apparatus marketed by Gaumont, to whom Demenÿ had licensed the patent rights, from the autumn of 1896. Demenÿ's work provided a link between the scientific purposes of sequence photography— chronophotography—and the introduction of commercial cinematography.

[br]

1) плёнка, тонкий слой || покрываться плёнкой

2) оболочка; покрытие

3) слабый туман; дымка

4) (фото)плёнка

5) киноплёнка; кинолента

6) (кино)фильм; фильмокопия || производить киносъёмку; снимать на киноплёнку

7) геофиз. диаграмма (сейсмограмма), записанная на фотоплёнке

8) полимерная плёнка

"drawing;

Zeichnung"

* * *

m drawing

( progetto) design

disegno di legge bill

* * *

disegno s.m.

1 drawing: fare un bel disegno a colori, to do a fine drawing in colour; i disegni di Leonardo, Leonardo's drawings; disegno a mano libera, freehand drawing; disegno a matita, pencil drawing; disegno a pastello, pastel; disegno geometrico, mechanical drawing; disegno in scala, scale drawing; carta da disegno, drawing paper; puntina da disegno, drawing pin; tavolo da disegno, drawing board // (cinem.) disegno animato, (animated) cartoon // fare il disegno di un abito, to draw a dress design

2 ( di tessuto) pattern

3 (edil.) plan: il disegno di un edificio, the plan of a building

4 ( arte di disegnare) drawing: studiare disegno, to study drawing; insegnante di disegno, drawing-master; disegno industriale, industrial design; disegno pubblicitario, commercial art

5 (fig.) ( progetto) plan, design, scheme: disegno di legge ( del governo), (government) bill: presentare un disegno di legge, to bring a bill before Parliament

6 (fig.) ( piano) plan: il mio primo disegno era di restare in Italia, my first plan was to stay in Italy; cambiar disegno, to change one's mind.

* * *

sostantivo maschile

1) (il disegnare) drawing

2) (il risultato) drawing, picture; (progetto) design, scheme

3) art. (motivo ornamentale) pattern

4) fig. (piano) plan, design

•

* * *

disegno

/di'seŋŋo/

sostantivo m.

 1 (il disegnare) drawing; disegno a carboncino charcoal drawing

 2 (il risultato) drawing, picture; (progetto) design, scheme; fare un disegno to do a drawing

 3 art. (motivo ornamentale) pattern; disegno a righe striped pattern

 4 fig. (piano) plan, design

COMPOUNDS

disegno animato cinem. cartoon; disegno di legge pol. bill; disegno a mano libera freehand drawing; disegno in scala scale drawing; disegno tecnico technical drawing.

1) соревнование, состязание; конкурс

2) конкуренция

SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics

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Dickson was born in France of English and Scottish parents. As a young man of almost 19 years, he wrote in 1879 to Thomas Edison in America, asking for a job. Edison replied that he was not taking on new staff at that time, but Dickson, with his mother and sisters, decided to emigrate anyway. In 1883 he contacted Edison again, and was given a job at the Goerk Street laboratory of the Edison Electric Works in New York. He soon assumed a position of responsibility as Superintendent, working on the development of electric light and power systems, and also carried out most of the photography Edison required. In 1888 he moved to the Edison West Orange laboratory, becoming Head of the ore-milling department. When Edison, inspired by Muybridge's sequence photographs of humans and animals in motion, decided to develop a motion picture apparatus, he gave the task to Dickson, whose considerable skills in mechanics, photography and electrical work made him the obvious choice. The first experiments, in 1888, were on a cylinder machine like the phonograph, in which the sequence pictures were to be taken in a spiral. This soon proved to be impractical, and work was delayed for a time while Dickson developed a new ore-milling machine. Little progress with the movie project was made until George Eastman's introduction in July 1889 of celluloid roll film, which was thin, tough, transparent and very flexible. Dickson returned to his experiments in the spring of 1891 and soon had working models of a film camera and viewer, the latter being demonstrated at the West Orange laboratory on 20 May 1891. By the early summer of 1892 the project had advanced sufficiently for commercial exploitation to begin. The Kinetograph camera used perforated 35 mm film (essentially the same as that still in use in the late twentieth century), and the kinetoscope, a peep-show viewer, took fifty feet of film running in an endless loop. Full-scale manufacture of the viewers started in 1893, and they were demonstrated on a number of occasions during that year. On 14 April 1894 the first kinetoscope parlour, with ten viewers, was opened to the public in New York. By the end of that year, the kinetoscope was seen by the public all over America and in Europe. Dickson had created the first commercially successful cinematograph system. Dickson left Edison's employment on 2 April 1895, and for a time worked with Woodville Latham on the development of his Panoptikon projector, a projection version of the kinetoscope. In December 1895 he joined with Herman Casier, Henry N.Marvin and Elias Koopman to form the American Mutoscope Company. Casier had designed the Mutoscope, an animated-picture viewer in which the sequences of pictures were printed on cards fixed radially to a drum and were flipped past the eye as the drum rotated. Dickson designed the Biograph wide-film camera to produce the picture sequences, and also a projector to show the films directly onto a screen. The large-format images gave pictures of high quality for the period; the Biograph went on public show in America in September 1896, and subsequently throughout the world, operating until around 1905. In May 1897 Dickson returned to England and set up as a producer of Biograph films, recording, among other subjects, Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee celebrations in 1897, Pope Leo XIII in 1898, and scenes of the Boer War in 1899 and 1900. Many of the Biograph subjects were printed as reels for the Mutoscope to produce the "what the butler saw" machines which were a feature of fairgrounds and seaside arcades until modern times. Dickson's contact with the Biograph Company, and with it his involvement in cinematography, ceased in 1911.

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